Evaluation Method of Conservation Papers Based on a Subjective–Objective Assessment Model

Abstract

As an important material directly applied to cultural relics during conservation treatment, conservation paper plays a critical role in the operational stability of restoration procedures and the long-term preservation safety of artworks. Traditional selection and evaluation of conservation papers have long relied on empirical judgment, lacking unified, quantitative, and reproducible evaluation standards. To address the limitations of conventional experience-based assessment methods, this study establishes a comprehensive evaluation framework integrating “objective testing–simulated application–subjective assessment–model fusion.” Five key indicators, including folding endurance, tensile strength, peel strength, thickness, and pH value, were selected to characterize the mechanical performance, structural properties, and chemical stability of conservation papers. Simulated application systems corresponding to reinforcing strips, infill papers, and backing papers were constructed. In addition, expert scoring mechanisms were introduced to evaluate flatness, flexibility, compatibility, stiffness, and overall visual performance. Based on these results, a nonlinear subjective–objective fusion model was established to realize systematic and quantitative assessment of conservation paper performance. The proposed method provides a scientific basis for material selection, comparative evaluation, and standardization research in the conservation of Chinese paintings and calligraphy.